Subsoil tile line



May 19, 1925.

W. R. SMITH sUBsOIL TILE LINE Filed Feb. 2, 1924 When the tiles have walls capacity.

Patented May 19, 1925.

WILLIM R. SMITH, or BUFFALO, NEW YORK. 'i

SUBSOIL TILE IfINE.

Application vfiled February 2, 1924. Serial No. 690,317.

17 10 all whom t may concern.' v

Be it known that I, WILLIAM RSMITH, a citizen ofthe .United States, residing at Buli'alo, in the. countyof Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Subsoil Tile Lines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to tiles for the drainage and irrigation of land, a line of the tiles being laid end to endl underground.

which are prac,- tically impermeable by water, as is the case in ordinary vitrilied or cement tiles, their adjacent endsA do 'not abut closely against each other, and form leaky joints, constituting lateral or out ofthe line. It is ditlicult, if not-impossible, to adequately protect these joints against obstruction by root growths and other matter, particularl when theadjacent ends are somewhat wldely spaced apart, to provide lateral The object of the invention is to enable the adjacent ends ofthe tiles to be spaced any desired distance apart, and to prevent the entrance of roots and other obstructing matter into the space, without preventing a suiliciently rapid lateral iow of water to` or from the line.

I. attain this object as hereinafter described and claimed.

Of the accompanying drawings .lr'orming a part of this specication,

Figure 1 is a perspective view, showing portions of two alined 'tiles and the porous coupling sleeve hereinafter described, .connecting said tiles.

Figure 2' is a section on line Figure 1. is ya section on line S-S- of f Figure Figure 2.

the same parts in all of the gures. 12, 12 designate portions of two alinedtw bular tiles which may be of any desired form and material, or` composition. They may be ordinary vitried or cement, such as are in common use.` The tiles are assembled with their adjacent endsfprefer'ably about one inch apart, to form an intermediate space passages to conductwater into passages I of adequate.

' less,

. 2, iso that water, either. entering' or leaving the line of tiles in a lateral direction, must pass through the wall of thecoupling sleeve.

The porosity of the sleeve vis such that water may seep freely through its wall, either inward or outward, and its density is such 4that root growths cannot penetrate" the wall. ."In other words, the sleeve is permeable by the ends of theftiles'and holding said ends spaced apart.

Ay sleeve characterized aslabovc stated,-

may be made like the tubular tile disclosed by my AUnited States Patent Number 1,483,689, dated February 12, 1924..

In making .the sleeve I form a mixture ofingredients including hard' porous coarse material in the form of lumps or fragments which `may be' ofk various sizes, powdered material and hydraulic cement, such as the wellknown Portland cement. To the mix` ture I add sufficient water to crystallize the cement. The mixture is mol-ded while plas tic and before the crystallization of the cement, into a tubular sleeve of any suitable form, the sleeve being subsequently solidilied by the crystallization of the cement.

the solid products of combus- The larger cinder are reduced so that the greatest dimension lump is approximately lone inch or although this dimension maybe varied within reasonable limits. lumps may be considerablysmaller. The spaces between'the lumps arelled .by the by crushing, of l any ashes and the cement.

I' find that satisfactory results may be produced by using'theingredients in the The same reference characters indicateL-j.

proportion of about one-sixtli by weight of the cement, to about live-sixths by weight of a mixture of cinders and ashes, the relative roportions of 'the cinders andthe ashes ingfas usually found` in the ash pit of la furnace. cinders is greater', and in other cases less than. the proportion of ashes. d

\The.preter redingredients,'otherthan the cement, are preferably the cinders and ashes n n cons tilting- -tion o coa Some of the In some cases the proportion of i The cinders resulting from thecombusf tion of coal are so porous that 'water canl perco ate very freely throu'gh them and throu h the wall of a sleeve made as. above descri ed. Some of the cindersare Hush withethe external surface, and others with the internal surface of thevv tile.- The intermediate cindei's contact at frequent points With each other and With the surface cinders,

so that Water may seep through the cinders without being obstructed by the cement. The mixture of cement and ashes is also porous.

I have found that the finer material or ashes, and the hydraulic cement, constitute' to-crushing pressure, throughout any section of the sleeve. In other Words, if the sleeve were out in two, either longitudinally or transversely, the faces foimed by the Vcut would be solid and continuous,'and would have no pits, depi'essions, or passages, such as would appear if the Wall of the tile contained open spaces, hence the sleeve is impermeable by roots. 4

It is essential that the cement employed be hydraulic cement. The crystalli/aation of this cement, caused by the reaction of water thereon, imparts rigidity to the binder, Without interfering with its porosity, and causes the firm adhesion of the binder to the lumps.

-It Will be seen that the sleeve has relatively thin annular end portions forming the walls of sockets adapted to receive the adjacent ends'of the tiles 12, and a thicker annular centralpoi'tion 14a forming the inner ends of the sockets and thejwall of a bore adapted to connect the bores of the tiles. rI`he inner surfaces of said end portions and the annular surface formed by the ends of the thicker portion, are adapted to conform closely to the peripheral and end the tiles.

uniform density, and ab-A find their way and uniform rigidity or resistance surfaces of the inserted tiles, and forni porous -so that water may seep through it between the spaced apart adjacent ends of Provision is, therefore, made for connecting the ends of the tiles at a considerable distance apart so that Water may pass freely in lateral directions between said ends, and for preventing the entrance ot' roots between theends of the tiles.

I do not limit myself to the rsleeve coniposit'ion above described, and may employl any other suitable composition. v

I claim:

.As an article of manufacture a tubular porous coupling sleeve having relatively thin end portions of maximum internal diameter, the inner surfaces of said portions 1.

forming the walls of sockets adapted to receive and closely tit the peripheries of two aligned tubular tiles, and a thicker central portion ofv a smaller internal diameteiythe ends of said thicker portion forming the inner ends of said sockets and being adapted to closely lit the end faces of said tiles, so that the intei'nal surfaces of the end portions and the vends of the thicker .portion are adapted to cooperate with the peripheral portions and end faces 0f the tiles in forin ing angular'joints, the sleeve being charactei-ized by the fact that its wall is uniformly inipei'forate and uniformly porous so that the said wall and the said angular joints aie impervious by roots, andthe thickened portion of. the sleeve is adapted to space the tile ends apart and permit the seepage of Water between said ends.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature.

W'ILLIAM R. SMITH. 

